The emergence of Internet of Things and other applications of wireless communication has resulted in increase of air interference among various wireless devices. In upcoming time we will be connecting more and more devices wirelessly. In addition to an increase in number of devices, many devices also demand higher bandwidth. With the ever-increasing need for spectral resources, it becomes necessary for a secondary user (SU) to smartly and efficiently access the resources of idle channel primary radio systems without creating harmful interference to the licensed users, which is possible through Cognitive Radio (CR) technology. the unlicensed user systems can adopt Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) techniques to fulfill spectrum needs of their customers. CRNs consist of two kinds of consumers, the Primary Users (PU), who are the licensed consumers, and the Secondary Users (SU), who are the unlicensed ones. In this paper we present the literature review for the improvement of radio frequency for the unlicensed user or secondary user to utilize the spectrum or frequency in an efficient manner.

The ultimate goal of image denoising from video is to improve the given image, which can reduce noise interference to ensure image quality. Through denoising technology, image quality can have effectively optimized, signal-to-noise ratio can have increased, and the original mage information can have better reflected. As an important preprocessing method, people have made extensive research on image denoising algorithm. Image denoising algorithm has received considerable attention in various fields. Most of the conventional filtering techniques, such as mean filter, Gaussian filter and minimum mean squared error filter, cannot always guarantee the acceptable quality of denoised image with the high peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) and so on. In recent decades, the discrete Wavelet transform (DWT) has been applied to dispose the problem of noise reduction, and it has been shown to be outperformed to traditional filters in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE), PSNR and other evaluation indicators. In this paper we review the image denoising techniques and their applications.

In this paper, a non-isolated high step-up three-port converter is proposed which provides two separate power flow paths from each input sources to the output load. In order to reduce the number of converter components, some components play multiple roles. Accordingly, the energy storage device is charged with the same components which are used in transferring power to the load. In this converter, coupled inductors technique is used to increase the voltage gain, and to mitigate the leakage inductance effect and to provide soft switching condition; two active clamp circuits are employed. Since the voltages across the switches are clamped, switches with low voltage stress and consequently low conduction loss can be used.

An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. In such an environment, it may be necessary for one mobile host to enlist the aid of other hosts in forwarding a packet to its destination, due to the limited range of each mobile host’s wireless transmissions. The Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) is a simple and efficient routing protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks of mobile nodes. DSR allows the network to be completely self-organizing and self-configuring, without the need for any existing network infrastructure or administration. The protocol is composed of the two mechanisms of Route Discovery and Route Maintenance, which work together to allow nodes to discover and maintain source routes to arbitrary destinations in the ad hoc network. This paper presents a study analysis for the routing protocol in ad hoc networks that uses dynamic source routing and other techniques.

Design an energy efficient routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks is one of the major challenges, because of highly dynamic and distributed characteristics of the nodes and nodes are battery powered. Most of the research works in this field have done which is based on specific issues like energy consumption, stability, security and load balancing. In this paper we modified the dynamic source Routing protocol into the secure energy dynamic source Routing protocol for the stability and improve the performance of ad-hoc network. For the evaluation of performance our modified protocol tested in different network scenario tested through simulations for different distributions of nodes and wormholes and different connectivity models. Our proposed modified scheme “SE-DSR” simulate in NS-2 simulator. In simulation process we used 10, 20, 30 and 50 nodes. The evaluation of perform ace is measured by packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and packet throughputs.

In the present life of modernization and financial development, energy is the main ingredient. Thus, the increasing energy demand is stressing the transmission and generation system capabilities leading to frequent power outages and hence developing reliability, stability, and quality problems of the power system. Security, reliability, and economy are the main basic requirements for the operation of the electric power system. With economic growth driving a gradual increase in electricity demand, electric power systems have recently introduced advanced grid or new energy technologies to satisfy these demands. A microgrid is defined as a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. In this study, a community microgrid is composed of solar photovoltaic system, diesel generators, energy storage system and composite electrical loads that can be intelligently segregated.

In today’s era of internet, everyone is connected on the go. We all have access to huge chunks of information available which can be structured, semi-structured or unstructured data. The unstructured data is available in huge amounts but this unstructured data can be used through statistical analysis to derive useful information from it. The multiplexes based on the user ratings determine whether a movie should be continued in cinema or not. So, the movie sentimental analysis holds huge importance for these multiplexes because if the movies have good user reviews then more viewers are expected to come to theatres which will generate higher revenues to the multiplexes. This paper introduces an approach to sentiment analysis which uses the support of Keras and Sequential model.